What physiological effect might occur due to the administration of high concentrations of oxygen?

The administration of high concentrations of oxygen can lead to oxygen toxicity, particularly affecting the lungs. When oxygen levels exceed normal physiological limits, the body can experience harmful effects due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular structures and tissues. This is especially evident in the lungs, where high concentrations of oxygen can lead to symptoms such as inflammation and pulmonary edema, ultimately resulting in lung damage.

Oxygen toxicity manifests differently depending on the duration of exposure and the concentration of oxygen delivered. In the case of prolonged exposure to high levels, the delicate alveolar structure can become compromised, limiting the lungs' ability to function effectively. Therefore, monitoring oxygen levels during administration is crucial to prevent such adverse effects.

While other physiological responses may occur with changes in oxygen levels, the specific risk of lung damage due to high concentrations of oxygen makes the link between oxygen toxicity and lung injury particularly noteworthy.