What effect can prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen have on the lungs?

Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can lead to oxygen toxicity, which has significant damaging effects on lung tissue. This occurs because when oxygen levels are excessively high, reactive oxygen species (free radicals) can be generated, causing oxidative stress to lung cells. This oxidative damage can result in inflammation and changes to lung tissue, potentially leading to conditions such as pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Understanding the risks associated with high oxygen concentrations is critical in clinical settings to avoid complications and ensure patient safety during oxygen therapy. In contrast, the other options suggest outcomes that do not accurately reflect the risks associated with excessive oxygen exposure.