What can result from administering supplemental oxygen to a patient without proper monitoring?

Administering supplemental oxygen without proper monitoring can lead to oxygen toxicity, which occurs when a patient receives an excessively high concentration of oxygen for an extended period. The body typically requires a specific amount of oxygen to function optimally, and exceeding this can result in harmful effects on the lungs and central nervous system.

Oxygen toxicity can manifest in several ways, including symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it may lead to more serious conditions like respiratory distress or even seizures, particularly in patients receiving high pressures of oxygen in environments such as hyperbaric chambers or for long durations.

Monitoring oxygen levels, usually through pulse oximetry or arterial blood gas analysis, is essential to ensure that patients receive an appropriate amount of oxygen that meets their needs without surpassing safe limits. This careful balance helps prevent complications associated with excess oxygen.